{"id":190,"date":"2023-12-06T02:50:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T01:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/?p=190"},"modified":"2023-12-06T18:41:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T17:41:51","slug":"polynome-caracteristique-de-ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/2023\/12\/06\/polynome-caracteristique-de-ab\/","title":{"rendered":"Polyn\u00f4me caract\u00e9ristique de <img src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fc7f6e3e28a765e7d0218e150f5f8e9b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#104;&#98;&#102;&#123;&#65;&#66;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"29\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> et de <img src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-733acdb4506cd5c63f90ab5da58a868c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#104;&#98;&#102;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-afd424d896777b63a7871321e8c89889_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#44;&#66;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"115\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, on peut par plusieurs m\u00e9thodes d\u00e9montrer que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-266cd5ccedac9866465f949a1fa7452c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#65;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"89\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. On va citer trois m\u00e9thodes, parmis lesquelles il y&rsquo;a une m\u00e9thode qui prouve que g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2f3f6325de8e7bce5e9e2142df2f3383_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#112;&#125;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"103\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> et  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-afebb3b743ff20a345b7e8235a37a1e4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#66;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#123;&#112;&#44;&#110;&#125;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"104\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> alors <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f483bbaad6ed1393993eee09a82ccfb8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#88;&#94;&#123;&#112;&#125;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#65;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#88;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#125;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"138\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. On commence par la premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode qui utilise un argument de densit\u00e9, par suite elle a un inconv\u00e9nient, c&rsquo;est le fait qu&rsquo;elle est valable pour le cas o\u00f9 le corps de base <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b0970cc9798323a540210178662a433f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#75;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> est un sous-corps de <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a27f0c64f37f44db184b2c45b30b82cc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#67;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> pour pouvoir utiliser la notion de norme n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 par la topologie sur quoi on se base pour d\u00e9finir la densit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode: Densit\u00e9 de <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a416e6adf19df0e5f6a46f018245429a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#71;&#76;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"63\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans tout ce qui suit <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b0970cc9798323a540210178662a433f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#75;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> est un sous-corps de <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a27f0c64f37f44db184b2c45b30b82cc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#67;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, on rappelle que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5f73e0977da2763c039989d6e3d958c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#71;&#76;&#95;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"53\" style=\"vertical-align: -8px;\"\/> est dense dans <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1587809422a11d5ba809af969ca4e560_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"57\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-880ee8ec25b447abff62d1f32bbe5b27_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#92;&#71;&#76;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"99\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7ec253573c9264ed70912b43d1a4c62d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#66;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"93\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, alors, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-36f9d3668e862359452bb52e8faadb1f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#66;&#65;&#61;&#65;&#94;&#123;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#40;&#65;&#66;&#41;&#65;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"137\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. Les matrices <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea273de39549b253b4039d77b3d33aa8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#66;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bedd67e15e8ff2b22230dc5db60e1e89_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#66;&#65;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> sont donc semblables, donc <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-266cd5ccedac9866465f949a1fa7452c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#65;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"89\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. Si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-03bbb812b13ceaa3a766972791efd8fd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"92\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, par densit\u00e9, il existe une suite <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9b4b2cddc05ce430d9e093a7659b12d6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#40;&#65;&#95;&#107;&#41;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#71;&#76;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;&#94;&#92;&#78;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"132\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> tel que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f62b515779e2f699a91f6ae32341c509_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#92;&#108;&#105;&#109;&#105;&#116;&#115;&#95;&#123;&#107;&#92;&#116;&#111;&#92;&#105;&#125;&#32;&#65;&#95;&#107;&#61;&#65;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"27\" width=\"107\" style=\"vertical-align: -14px;\"\/>. Pour tout <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0b7a7418630880406be03a1ec62ac1e8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#107;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#78;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/>, on a: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-83926bd24f133933bec55aaec45b6314_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#65;&#95;&#107;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#95;&#107;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"102\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> et comme les applications <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5a3e96082c3a3e16b16e0a6c80c8bc13_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#112;&#115;&#116;&#111;&#32;&#77;&#66;&#44;&#32;&#77;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#112;&#115;&#116;&#111;&#32;&#66;&#77;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"168\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-dcf44125babc209204b37ce6532cba04_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#112;&#115;&#116;&#111;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#77;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"73\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> sont continues, le passge \u00e0 la limite permet d&rsquo;avoir <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-266cd5ccedac9866465f949a1fa7452c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#65;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"89\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deuxi\u00e8me m\u00e9thode: Utilisation de la matrice <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ec809b4428a49db6e04035403a66f89d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#104;&#98;&#102;&#123;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"31\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e9liminaire avant de commencer:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avant de commencer remarquons que si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1d1a7717f95a3d163314703185be0a6b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#114;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#92;&#78;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"43\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/> tel que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7786bea237df4624302b5b41378faa23_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#48;&#32;&#60;&#32;&#114;&#32;&#60;&#32;&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"76\" style=\"vertical-align: -2px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9bc98af0b015e38f5816a00a1b1f9d12_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#61;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#114;&#100;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#49;&#38;&#77;&#95;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#51;&#38;&#77;&#95;&#52;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"43\" width=\"148\" style=\"vertical-align: -17px;\"\/> avec <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-24425acd8719c6036998a5f3289442b3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#95;&#49;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#92;&#109;&#99;&#109;&#95;&#114;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"102\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, alors <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4f4fd26c957809da870552f30bdb8435_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#77;&#61;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#114;&#100;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#49;&#38;&#77;&#95;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#48;&#38;&#48;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"43\" width=\"198\" style=\"vertical-align: -17px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1ce9bc2b7c89173b399a57fdfb919952_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#114;&#100;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#49;&#38;&#48;&#125;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#51;&#38;&#48;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"43\" width=\"183\" style=\"vertical-align: -17px;\"\/>, de sorte que:  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-47f9776e3a069aad8db9b0c361d86581_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#77;&#125;&#61;&#88;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#114;&#125;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"158\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cb4d7d01b8d7deb885cc3871fc1fdcd7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#77;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#125;&#61;&#88;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#114;&#125;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"158\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> , donc  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-429d59d0bb223b479d85c35f713404ba_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#77;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#77;&#92;&#116;&#105;&#109;&#101;&#115;&#32;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"148\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par ailleurs, comme on l&rsquo;a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 dans la premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode notons que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f13dd5c81ed773de0bd21b1e4448ca09_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#77;&#85;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#85;&#77;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"98\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, pour toute matrice <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ad68865a800d37b433ef16730cfd8b05_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"19\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> et toute matrice inversible <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-20b11b25aadd581af4ecfa8218e91987_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#85;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preuve pour la deuxi\u00e8me m\u00e9thode:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-66a101117ed24c25c64035c652366c89_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#114;&#103;&#40;&#65;&#41;&#61;&#114;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, alors si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9f3c9fa8bc31a13d101b7b0c8e21c2c7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#114;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"41\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> alors <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9d129f7db93f5c41617cd28cd4225080_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"46\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> donc <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ca44b9e6f1f4ba28fa559aee382a248a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#66;&#61;&#66;&#65;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"112\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> et le r\u00e9sultat devient \u00e9vident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-294e54f297fa50e0aa58b4897fb33ab9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#114;&#61;&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"43\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, alors <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e5311c6cecc5e50eebfdbeecb9b26de1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> est inversible et alors <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ea273de39549b253b4039d77b3d33aa8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#66;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> et <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bedd67e15e8ff2b22230dc5db60e1e89_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#66;&#65;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> sont sembalbale et le r\u00e9sultat a lieu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finalement, si <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7786bea237df4624302b5b41378faa23_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#48;&#32;&#60;&#32;&#114;&#32;&#60;&#32;&#110;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"76\" style=\"vertical-align: -2px;\"\/>, il existe <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-af81ef6ea2863e8e046aeda61acf43b3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#80;&#44;&#81;&#92;&#105;&#110;&#92;&#71;&#76;&#95;&#110;&#40;&#92;&#75;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"120\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> tel que <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0cd7c193c82ccf0c32b8395b7f93cc7d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#65;&#61;&#80;&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#81;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"94\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> o\u00f9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1aedaf0dd8b7dd6d4ed4fe30d9eaf689_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#109;&#97;&#116;&#114;&#100;&#123;&#73;&#95;&#114;&#38;&#48;&#125;&#123;&#48;&#38;&#48;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"43\" width=\"132\" style=\"vertical-align: -17px;\"\/>. Donc , en notant <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-49725c63155e17e2d53d3df4cc5fbd70_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#74;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> la matrice <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e207944a0c7fbfb1ca37071d34a9be10_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#74;&#95;&#123;&#110;&#44;&#114;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"27\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> et  compte tenu  , on a: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-956716100d7e672b6fb2e8c2bc425cff_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#65;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#80;&#74;&#81;&#66;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#74;&#81;&#66;&#80;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#81;&#66;&#80;&#74;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#80;&#74;&#81;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#99;&#104;&#105;&#95;&#123;&#66;&#65;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"396\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si , on peut par plusieurs m\u00e9thodes d\u00e9montrer que . On va citer trois m\u00e9thodes, parmis lesquelles il y&rsquo;a une m\u00e9thode qui prouve que g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement si et alors . On commence par la premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode qui utilise un argument de densit\u00e9, par suite elle a un inconv\u00e9nient, c&rsquo;est le fait qu&rsquo;elle est valable pour le\u2026 <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/2023\/12\/06\/polynome-caracteristique-de-ab\/\">Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":229,"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions\/229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mohamed.legtux.org\/mp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}